Synthetic Aperture Radar is a technology which was invented in the 1950's to enable aircraft to map terrain in high detail. It uses the motion of the radar and some fancy mathematics to get much higher detail images than should be possible from an antenna small enough to fit on an aircraft.
This process has been extended to satellites and applies to not just the earth, but to other terrestrial bodies in the solar system, notably Venus and Titan which are eternally shrouded in clouds.

For further reading I suggest looking at NASA's SAR Handbook
https://gis1.servirglobal.net/TrainingMaterials/SAR/SARHB_FullRes.pdf

And if you want to look at real SAR data the Alaska Satellite Facility has lots of public data
https://asf.alaska.edu/

Commercial images in this video come from
Capella Space - https://www.capellaspace.com/
IceEye - https://www.iceye.com/
Ursa Space - https://www.ursaspace.com/
Synspective - https://synspective.com/