KS
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/ousting-1900s-era-tech-solid-state-circuit-breakers-extract-dc-from-ac-without-magnetics/
The "enabler" of this technology is the AC-to-DC conversion, which isn't really AC-to-DC conversion at all. "In reality," says Casey, "we do not convert power from AC to DC. In reality, we extract DC directly from AC main without any electrolytics, magnetics, transformers—without any rectifiers, without any of that stuff. It's in a solid-state tiny, tiny board."
The role of the DC power extracted is to power the microcontroller on the board and the AC switch itself. This DC is also what powers the peripherals that Casey says will make these circuit breakers so smart: "This DC is also the source for other sensors, such as [those for] energy monitoring, metering, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, air quality sensors, whatever."
"This is a magnetics-free AUX supply for the local microcontrollers and drivers and sensors," adds Bakos. “So it's a 2, 3, 4, maybe 5 W supply that sits locally in the module. And that's been the challenge when you put intelligence into these AC circuits and things: you have to generate a local 3 V, 5 V, maybe 2.5 V supply for the microcontrollers and control elements. And, obviously in the past, traditionally, you'd stick a transformer on there or an extra winding and some capacitors, etc., and that stuff takes up space."