Если гражданство России, то британская виза нужна, хотя насчет транзита я не знаю
General changes to the Transit Rules:
....
Or
Fulfill all the following criteria:
you arrive and depart by air
have a confirmed onward flight which leaves by 23.59hrs the following day
have the right documents for your destination (e.g. a visa for that country)
AND you hold a valid exemption document in accordance with one of the following paragraphs:
....
you hold a valid residence permit issued by either
An EEA state or Switzerland
you have a valid uniform format category D visa for entry to a state in the European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland; or
....