For a fully featured Emacs, you need the following libraries (on a single line for use in commands):
libc6-dev libjpeg62-dev libncurses5-dev libpng-dev libtiff4-dev libungif4-dev xaw3dg-dev zlib1g-dev libice-dev libsm-dev libx11-dev libxext-dev libxi-dev libxmu-dev libxmuu-dev libxpm-dev libxrandr-dev libxt-dev libxtrap-dev libxtst-dev libxv-dev x-dev xlibs-static-dev