<?php

use \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;

$url = '/user/1';
///////////////////

$request = Request::create($url);
$router = \Drupal::service('router.no_access_checks');
$match = [];
try {
  $match = $router->matchRequest($request);
}
catch (\Exception $e) {
  echo 'No route has been found.';
}
dump($match);

<?php

namespace Drupal\modulename;

use Drush\Commands\DrushCommands;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;

class ModulenameDrushCommands extends DrushCommands {

  /**
   * @command modulename:route-info
   * @aliases route-info,ri
   */
  public function routeInfo($path) {
    $request = Request::create($path);
    $router = \Drupal::service('router.no_access_checks');
    try {
      dump($router->matchRequest($request));
    }
    catch (\Exception $e) {
      echo 'No route has been found.';
    }
  }

}